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Situational Awareness in Construction and Facility Management

Burcu Akinci

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 283-289 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014037

摘要： Engineers and managers involved in construction and facility/infrastructure operations need situational awareness about the as-is conditions when making daily decisions and developing short- and long-term plans. Yet, currently situational awareness of engineers is often challenged due to missing data and the available data not being in a format that is easily accessible and actionable. Advances in reality capture technologies, such as 3-dimensional (3D) imaging, in-situ sensing, equipment on-board instrumentation and electronic tagging, streamline the capturing of the as-is conditions on job sites. The data collected from these technologies, integrated with building information models depicting the as-planned conditions, can help in creating and storing the history of as-is conditions of a facility to support a variety of decisions that engineers and managers need to make. While the opportunities associated with integrating building information models and data capture technologies are compelling, several challenges need to be addressed through research for effective usage of these technologies. Such challenges include assessing the accuracy of the data collected at the field, developing and evaluating data processing and data fusion approaches, formalizing integrated representation of building information models and sensor and other relevant data, and investigating and developing approaches for analyzing and visualizing such integrated information models. This paper provides examples of recent research studies done at the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at Carnegie Mellon University that demonstrate opportunities associated with integrating building information models and sensor information for facility operations.

关键词： building information models (BIM) sensors facility operations and management construction management situational awareness

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Shadow obstacle model for realistic corner-turning behavior in crowd simulation

Gao-qi HE,Yi JIN,Qi CHEN,Zhen LIU,Wen-hui YUE,Xing-jian LU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第3期页码 200-211 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500253

摘要： This paper describes a novel model known as the shadow obstacle model to generate a realistic corner-turning behavior in crowd simulation. The motivation for this model comes from the observation that people tend to choose a safer route rather than a shorter one when turning a corner. To calculate a safer route, an optimization method is proposed to generate the corner-turning rule that maximizes the viewing range for the agents. By combining psychological and physical forces together, a full crowd simulation framework is established to provide a more realistic crowd simulation. We demonstrate that our model produces a more realistic corner-turning behavior by comparison with real data obtained from the experiments. Finally, we perform parameter analysis to show the believability of our model through a series of experiments.

关键词： Corner-turning behavior Crowd simulation Safety awareness Rule-based model

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Evaluation of the situational awareness eﬀects for smart distribution networks under the novel

Leijiao GE, Yuanliang LI, Suxuan LI, Jiebei ZHU, Jun YAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 143-158 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0703-2

摘要： As a key application of smart grid technologies, the smart distribution network (SDN) is expected to have a high diversity of equipment and complexity of operation patterns. Situational awareness (SA), which aims to provide a critical visibility of the SDN, will enable a significant assurance for stable SDN operations. However, the lack of systematic evaluation through the three stages of perception, comprehensive, and prediction may prevent the SA technique from effectively achieving the performance necessary to monitor and respond to events in SDN. To analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of the SA technique for the SDN, a comprehensive evaluation framework with specific performance indicators and systematic weighting methods is proposed in this paper. Besides, to implement the indicator framework while addressing the key issues of human expert scoring ambiguity and the lack of data in specific SDN areas, an improved interval-based analytic hierarchy process-based subjective weighting and a multi-objective programming method-based objective weighting are developed to evaluate the SDN SA performance. In addition, a case study in a real distribution network of Tianjin China is conducted whose outcomes verify the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed SA technique for SDN operating security.

关键词： distribution networks operation and maintenance expert systems

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考虑调度员思维过程的智能电网态势感知构架 Review

You-bo LIU,Jun-yong LIU,Gareth TAYLOR,Ting-jian LIU,Jing GOU,Xi ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第11期页码 1107-1121 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601516

摘要：现阶段，智能电网运行环境比以往更加复杂。新能源渗透、市场化、网络安全以及自然灾害等大量因素，给电网控制中心带来诸多挑战甚至威胁。电网调度员需要新的技术支持，以快速、准确地感知电网运行态势，并采取相应措施。为解决此难题，我们首次引入并介绍了调度环节中新兴态势感知技术的背景和需求。为使读者更好地理解这个领域的最新研究进展，本文综述了态势感知的一般概念和相关技术要求。为更好地指导调度员在实时电网运行中准确、迅速地采取措施，本文讨论了在态势感知架构设计中融合调度员思维的重要性。最后，本文分析了态势感知构架的研究前景，希冀以先进、可视化的方式构造态势感知模型。

关键词：智能电网；态势感知；调度员思维过程；技术构架

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Urban design based on public safety-Discussion on safety-based urban design

Kaizhen CAI, Jianguo WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 219-227 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0023-4

摘要： Because of public safety problems in construction of urban surroundings, this paper expounds the necessity of the study on public safety-based urban design in perspective of modern city. It brings forward the concept of safety-based urban design and attempts to explore the basic connotation and contents with framework for studies.

关键词： urban public safety urban design safety-based urban design

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中国食品安全科技发展方向讨论

魏益民,吴永宁,周乃元,潘家荣

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第11期页码 1-4

摘要：

从发展国家食品安全战略，强化国家食品安全科技的角度，提出中国食品安全科技优先发展的四大方向，即风险分析是食品安全科技战略的首选领域；“从农田到餐桌”整体控制体系是食品安全全程控制技术和操作规范的理论基础，是实施食品安全管理的重要技术手段；检测监测技术是预警、预防、应急的技术依据，应集中力量开发一批内控和标准检验必须的快速检测技术和标准检测技术；以政府、生产者、消费者为责任人主体的管理理念是食品安全管理的基本原则，食品链上的所有责任人应在保障食品质量和安全的问题上主动承担责任。

关键词：食品安全科技战略发展方向

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Probabilistic safety assessment of self-centering steel braced frame

Navid RAHGOZAR, Nima RAHGOZAR, Abdolreza S. MOGHADAM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 163-182 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0384-z

摘要： The main drawback of conventional braced frames is implicitly accepting structural damage under the design earthquake load, which leads to considerable economic losses. Controlled rocking self-centering system as a modern low-damage system is capable of minimizing the drawbacks of conventional braced frames. This paper quantifies main limit states and investigates the seismic performance of self-centering braced frame using a Probabilistic Safety Assessment procedure. Margin of safety, confidence level, and mean annual frequency of the self-centering archetypes for their main limit states, including PT yield, fuse fracture, and global collapse, are established and are compared with their acceptance criteria. Considering incorporating aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, the efficiency of the system is examined. Results of the investigation indicate that the design of low- and mid-rise self-centering archetypes could provide the adequate margin of safety against exceeding the undesirable limit-states.

关键词： self-centering steel braced frame mean annual frequency safety assessment confidence level margin of safety

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安全科学若干基础问题研究

吕保和

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第11期页码 57-61

摘要：

分析了安全的科学含义，引入了"灾事"的概念，指出安全科学的研究对象就是灾事，并进一步探讨了灾事的类型以及各类灾事之间的关系。阐述了构建安全科学的必要性和可行性，并从一个新的角度分析了安全科学的内涵以及构建安全科学的基本思路，论述了安全科学技术体系的层次结构。

关键词：安全灾事安全科学学科建设

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State of Practice of Construction Site Safety in the USA

Fei Dai,Yoojung Yoon,Hota V. GangaRao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 275-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016035

摘要： The construction industry has long been plagued with a high number of fatalities in the USA. Much safety improvements have been made after the USA Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970. However, this industry still suffers from a disproportionately high rate of work-related fatalities in comparison to other industries. To provide a holistic view of current construction safety practices and corresponding performance, this paper reviews statistics of construction fatalities and their causes. It then presents efforts led to prevent work-related accidents and injuries by the federal safety agencies and the industry. Additionally, advantages and limitations of current practices in terms of construction safety have been discussed along with promotion of aspects in construction work environment.

关键词： workplace safety construction industry safety strategy accident prevention review work

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Analyzing construction safety through time series methods

Houchen CAO, Yang Miang GOH

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 262-274 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0015-6

摘要： The construction industry produces a large amount of data on a daily basis. However, existing data sets have not been fully exploited in analyzing the safety factors of construction projects. Thus, this work describes how temporal analysis techniques can be applied to improve the safety management of construction data. Various time series (TS) methods were adopted for identifying the leading indicators or predictors of construction accidents. The data set used herein was obtained from a large construction company that is based in Singapore and contains safety inspection scores, accident cases, and project-related data collected from 2008 to 2015. Five projects with complete and sufficient data for temporal analysis were selected from the data set. The filtered data set contained 23 potential leading indicators (predictors or input variables) of accidents (output or dependent variable). TS analyses were used to identify suitable accident predictors for each of the five projects. Subsequently, the selected input variables were used to develop three different TS models for predicting accident occurrences, and the vector error correction model was found to be the best model. It had the lowest root mean squared error value for three of the five projects analyzed. This study provides insights into how construction companies can utilize TS data analysis to identify projects with high risk of accidents.

关键词： time series temporal construction safety leading indicators accident prevention forecasting

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Global challenges of food safety for China

Joseph J. JEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 291-293 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017167

摘要：

Ever since the Melamine event, China has faced challenges of food safety both domestically and globally. With the economic development, the Chinese consumers are demanding high quality, nutritious, and safe foods from the food industry but are not willing to pay higher prices. The Chinese food chain system of mostly small and medium enterprises presents challenges to the government to monitor and implement food safety laws and regulations. The academia and media are learning to take on their responsibilities with some success. Discussions and potential solutions of the global challenges of the five pillars for the food safety in China are presented here.

关键词： food safety challenges food industry government academia media consumer

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A review of the safety and efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 39-55 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0893-y

摘要： Vaccination is the most effective and feasible way to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The rapid development of effective COVID-19 vaccines is an extraordinary achievement. This study reviewed the efficacy/effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety profile of the 12 most progressed COVID-19 vaccines and discussed the challenges and prospects of the vaccine-based approaches in a global crisis. Overall, most of the current vaccines have shown safety and efficacy/effectiveness during actual clinical trials or in the real-world studies, indicating a development of pandemic control. However, many challenges are faced by pandemic control in terms of maximizing the effect of vaccines, such as rapid vaccine coverage, strategies to address variants with immune escape capability, and surveillance of vaccine safety in the medium- and long-terms.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safety efficacy effectiveness immunogenicity

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Long-term dam safety monitoring of Punt dal Gall arch dam in Switzerland

M. WIELAND, G.F. KIRCHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 76-83 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0144-z

摘要： The 130 m high Punt dal Gall dam is located at the Swiss-Italian border in the South-eastern part of Switzerland and was completed in 1969. The dam is founded on highly folded and partially crushed dolomite and limestone formations. A grout curtain with an area of 120,000 m was provided for controlling seepage. For the monitoring of the dam deformations five inverted pendulums were installed in the dam and three in the rock foundation of the right abutment outside of the dam. For a seasonal water level fluctuation in the reservoir of about 60 m the maximum amplitude of the radial displacement is 25 mm, which includes both the effects of the water load and temperature effects. Furthermore a comprehensive geodetic network was established, 57 joint meters were installed and cracks in the crest gallery are monitored by crack meters. There are also thermometers, piezometers and rocmeters. Springs at the left and right banks of the dam are monitored and chemical analyses of the seepage water and springs are performed regularly. The dam is equipped with strong motion instruments and several near-field earthquakes have been recorded in the past. The paper describes the long-term safety monitoring of this 42 years old arch dam. A short description of the Swiss practice in dam safety monitoring and emergency planning is also given.

关键词： dam safety concept arch dam dam instrumentation dam safety monitoring

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基于本质安全的工业事故风险管理方法研究

吴宗之

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第5期页码 46-49

摘要：

从风险管理角度对生产过程中的安全防护方法进行了分类和论述，提出了基于本质安全思想的工业事故综合风险管理方法与程序，其核心内容是在常规的危险辨识和风险评价基础上，优先应用本质安全原理来减少、消除危险，综合采用无源安全措施、有源安全措施或多层安全防护措施与功能安全标准，将风险降低至可接受水平；提出了本质安全应与清洁生产、绿色化学、循环经济同等纳入优先发展的技术和政策等建议。

关键词：本质安全风险管理事故预防安全设计

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THAI experimental research on hydrogen risk and source term related safety systems

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 887-915 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0789-1

摘要： In the defense-in-depth concept employed for the safety of nuclear installations, maintaining integrity of containment as the last barrier is of high importance to limit the release of radioactivity to the environment in case of a severe accident. The active and passive safety systems implemented in containments of light water reactors (LWRs) are designed to limit the consequences of such accidents. Assessing the performance and reliability of such systems under accident conditions is critical to the safety of nuclear installations.

关键词： severe accident containment safety mitigation H₂ risk source term